Tax preparationcông việc

Project Title: Accounting for tax practice I am looking for assistance with financial statement preparation for my tax practice. Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge of accounting principles and financial statement preparation - Experience working in the tax industry or with tax practices - Proficient in relevant accounting software and tools - Attention to detail and high level of accuracy in financial reporting This project could potentially lead to ongoing work, depending on the client's needs. The timeline for completion is less than a month, so the ideal candidate should be able to work efficiently and meet deadlines.

...an experienced accountant who can assist me with personal tax/Zus preparation, specifically addressing some specific tax/Zus issues that I have. I have some due payments on my ZUS due I left this country. This is just simple work to do. All you need to do is submit an application for spreading the debt into monthly installments-RSR can be submitted through PUE ZUS. Please find my Zus documents attached and see if you can do it. I am trying to start paying my ZUS debt in monthly installments. I was asked by the ZUS to send this application (RSR). Skills and Experience Required: - Strong knowledge and experience in tax/ZUS preparation - Familiarity with personal tax regulations and laws - Ability to address and resolve specific tax/ZUS is...

Legal Document Preparation for Unlawful Detainer Case - Ex Parte I am seeking a skilled and experienced legal professional to assist me in preparing a legal document for an unlawful detainer case. Project Details: - This project is for personal use, as I am involved in an unlawful detainer case. - I am not currently represented by a lawyer and require assistance in preparing the necessary legal document. - I have some existing documents and references that may be pertinent to the case. - The document needs to be prepared in accordance with the specific requirements and guidelines for an ex parte motion in an unlawful detainer case. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge of unlawful detainer laws and procedures. - Experience in preparing legal documents, specifically ex ...

...me configure my website to generate R.O.I. data from my active Google Ads campaigns. My main goal for this project is to improve the tracking of my return on investment. Requirements: - Experience in configuring Shopify websites - Expertise in integrating Google Ads with Shopify - Familiarity with tracking R.O.I. data from Google Ads campaigns 1. Exact total sales amount for each conversion 2. Tax and Shipping Costs 3. Time Stamp 4. Customer Identification 5. Order # Responsibilities: - Configure the Shopify website to accurately track R.O.I. data from my active Google Ads campaigns - Ensure that the R.O.I. data is generated accurately and can be easily accessed and analyzed Access Level: - I can provide partial access to both my Shopify and Google Ads accounts If you have th...

I am looking for an office admin/coordinator to assist me with various tasks on a long-term basis. The ideal candidate should have experience in email management and document preparation, including creating templates, invoices, and other documents. He/ She will also coordinate with different parties (external and internal) to keep the process ongoing. Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Google Workspace is required - Fluent in English - Strong attention to detail and organizational skills - Carrying out routine checks to ensure smooth operations and deliveries - Attending to general issues and fixing simple problems - Email, folders management - Willing to learn and take on responsibilities - Interacting with clients and customers - Ability to manage schedules and calendars e...

... & Working website-: I want intregate from html to php codeigniter work & also New development work as per given below. 1. Photo optimization work to be done in company Service ( Markquee) & News of the day. 2. Backend search option user-friendly work to be done (Admin panel side) in Study Material, Compatitive Exam, Interview Preparation, Current affairs & Advance Course... dynamically for mobile /desktop view. 3. Forgot password/ Verification template to be added (Email id side) 4. Profile & Payment history to be developed in Clint pannel/ admin panel 5. All Courses & All materials show options to be done in Search bar. 6. Important, Syllabus , Admission, Admit card & Answer Key properly not working need to be attended. 7. Gateway

**Project Title: Competitive Exam Preparation App** **Project Overview:** We are looking to develop a mobile application to help users prepare for competitive exams. The app should provide access to a wide range of multiple-choice questions categorized by subject, topic, and year. Additionally, users should have the ability to create custom tests based on specific criteria, such as year, topic, or subject. **Key Features:** 1. **Subject, Topic, and Year-wise Question Access:** - Questions should be categorized by subjects, topics, and years for easy navigation. - Users should be able to browse and access questions based on these categories. 2. **Create Custom Tests:** - Users should have the option to create custom tests by selecting specific criteria such as year, top...

...spectrometry, gas chromatography, texture profile analyser Find 3 research papers measuring nutrient(s) (one or more nutrients measured in the experiment) in nuts and seeds sample. (with 1500 words) - Compare between the methods used in the paper and the methods used in the experiment (refer to the lab manual). - Comment on the advantages and limitations of methods used (For example, was the pre-preparation of the samples appropriate in the research? Is the length of the chromatography column same or different from the experiment (refer to lab manual)?) - What was the significance of the research? Would the analytical component have an impact on the research outcome? Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong background in food science and nutrition - Experience conducting literatur...

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...Remote Exp: 10+Yrs 5PM to 1AM IST Budget - 80k JD: Roles & Responsibilities: Configure and implement SAP Tax Vertex solution to meet the organization's tax compliance requirements. Collaborate with cross-functional teams to gather tax-related requirements and provide expert guidance on tax solutions. Maintain and enhance tax-related configurations within SAP. Perform regular system testing to ensure accurate tax calculations and compliance with tax regulations. Troubleshoot and resolve tax-related issues in a timely manner. Stay up to date with tax regulations and changes to ensure compliance. Provide training and support to end-users on tax-related processes and tools. Document tax configurations,...

Company Compliance Filing - Tax Filing Skills and Experience Needed: - Expertise in tax filing and compliance procedures - Knowledge of relevant tax laws and regulations - Experience in preparing and submitting tax returns for companies - Attention to detail and accuracy in handling financial information Project Description: I am in immediate need of a freelancer who can assist me with the tax filing for my company. I already have specific information and documents that I can provide for the filing process. The ideal candidate should have expertise in tax filing and compliance procedures, with a strong understanding of relevant tax laws and regulations. They should have experience in preparing and submitting tax returns for comp...

I am seeking financial assistance to leverage losses of my family trust. My specific goal is to maximise tax benefits over the next few years by establishing income sources from new business activity. I am unsure of the type of businesses I can undertake to effectively offset the existing trust losses. The advise offered must be conform to existing ATO Tax rules regarding utilising trust losses to reduce tax payable by the trust. Skills and Experience: - Expertise in tax planning strategies and investment advice - Strong knowledge in accounting services - Experience in leveraging losses and maximising tax benefits for family trusts - Ability to provide financial advice and guidance to achieve specific goals. Happy to provide details of the trust deed ...

Project Description: Cleanup Books for one year and ongoing Bookkeeping and Accounting - The client's current state of books is somewhat accurate but needs organization. - The client is currently using QuickBooks online accounting software. - Ongoing bookkeeping services will be required on a monthly basis. - Creating P&L Statements and assistance with sales tax filings - Preparation of business property taxes Skills and experience required: - Certification as a QuickBooks Advisor and experience in organizing and cleaning up books. - Strong attention to detail and ability to accurately organize and reconcile financial data. - Knowledge of bookkeeping principles and practices. - Ability to provide ongoing bookkeeping services on a monthly basis. - Excellent communi...

...regular reports to be generated from the database. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency in Access database development - Experience in client progress tracking and billing systems - Knowledge of report generation in Access - Attention to detail and ability to meet deadlines I am using DT Max income tax software. I will be updating client progress and billing on individual clients as I process tax returns on a daily basis. I want to run a nightly extract of the data in my tax database and import into the access database. I want access to add any new records to the access database and append any existing records if the extract info has changed. I want to be able to look up any client by their client #, name, or SIN number. After looking up any given clien...

I am looking for a Tableau expert to create report templates for our radiology practice. The ideal candidate should have experience in designing interactive and user-friendly dashboards with the following features: - Interactive filters and drill-downs to allow users to...experience in designing interactive and user-friendly dashboards with the following features: - Interactive filters and drill-downs to allow users to explore the data in-depth - Customizable dashboards that can be tailored to our specific needs - Integration with external data sources to ensure the reports are comprehensive and up-to-date The project does not require help with data cleansing and preparation, as the data is already ready for use. The urgency of the project is flexible, with a timeframe of more th...

SENIOR TAX MANAGER Remote Contract Position, May Work Anywhere In The U.S. San Francisco Bay Area COMPANY SUMMARY Situated in the heart of the San Francisco Bay area, our boutique CPA firm is dynamic and client focused. They provide advisory services (financial and tax related) to individuals, partnerships, closely held corporations and multinational publicly traded corporations. Services include tax compliance, tax provisioning (ASC 740), tax credits, site selection, financial planning, retirement planning, and tax audit representation. JOB SUMMARY This is a remote position that allows you to work from anywhere in the U.S. If you value flexible hours, with solid administrative support, and thrive in collaborative environments with talented indiv...

Transfer pricing documentation for Greece I am looking for a junior consultant to prepare tax consulting tasks specific to the transfer pricing field, just as economic analyses, Local File and Masterfile documentations for Greek purposes.

...notification email sent to staff when someone successfully create an account or create a ticket? 6) tax based on Canada and specific province. i don't really know how we can assign each province a specific tax rate, because if you go to Settings > Sales Tax, you can add all sales tax items, but you cannot assign them to specific provinces in Canada. so when we create each invoice, we have to manually select each tax for each item listed in the invoice manually. this can be troublesome as sometimes we make a mistake and charge wrong tax to wrong customers. -how i want it to function: -if country is NOT Canada, then automatically tax = 0% -if country is Canada, then check province name, and assign tax based on province lis...

I am looking for a logo for my tax business. The ideal colors for the logo are black and gold. Kickstart my business with a professional logo, business cards, social media graphics, app icons, letterhead, animated designs, and social media. Business Name: Gemstone Global Solutions

...platform. 2 Stock Synchronization and Update: It's crucial that our online inventory reflects real-time stock levels. We need a system that synchronizes and updates the stock status of our articles across both our Magento store and Amazon. This should help prevent issues like overselling and stock discrepancies. 3 Order Processing Simplification: The contribution should streamline our order preparation process. We're looking for solutions that can automate and facilitate the handling of orders, possibly integrating with our existing shipping and logistics systems. The ideal candidate should have proven experience with Magento 1.7, especially in creating custom contributions and integrating third-party platforms like Amazon. Familiarity with e-commerce inventory and o...

...module in Odoo - Integration of existing accounting data into Odoo - Customization of reports and financial statements - Configuration of tax rules and regulations The project is long-term and requires a freelancer who can commit to working on it for more than a month. The timeline for the project is flexible, but completion within a reasonable timeframe is expected. Skills and experience required: - Proficiency in Odoo, specifically in the accounting module - Strong understanding of accounting principles and practices - Experience in implementing and customizing Odoo modules - Ability to integrate existing accounting data into Odoo - Knowledge of tax regulations and requirements If you have the necessary skills and experience, and are available for a long-term project...

Requirements: Support for finalizing the scope and micro site before develop-ing software and Mobile APP We are seeking the expertise of creating software development scope, flow charts and mi-crosite etc for developing software and mobile application for our consultancy firm, special-izing in tax support, registration services, accounting, payroll, and legal case handling etc. The proposed system aims to streamline our processes, improve client interactions, experi-ence and enhance efficiency across various client types. Our consultancy serves provide support to clients like , including individuals, organizations, and companies with single or multiple branches. The system should accommodate different interaction levels based on the client type and ensure a seamless flow for both o...

I am looking...freelancer to design a flyer for my tax office. The purpose of the flyer is to promote our tax services to both individual taxpayers and small business owners. Skills and experience required: - Graphic design skills to create an eye-catching and professional flyer - Experience in designing marketing materials for service-based businesses - Ability to understand and effectively communicate key information about tax services - Creativity in incorporating any specific content or images provided by the client The ideal freelancer will have a strong portfolio showcasing their graphic design skills and experience in creating promotional materials. They should be able to understand the target audience and create a visually appealing flyer that effectively pr...

Hello Everyone, it simple work. I need a logo AND a business card designed for my company called "Business Tactics Solutions". I need someone who can design both. The company specializes in Tax preparation, bookkeeping and accounting, etc. If you have any question, please feel free to ask me. Thank you

I am looking for a freelancer who can help me with my Safe for Team exam prep for professional certification. Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge and understanding of the Safe for Team (Sca...throughout the studying process Requirements: - Provide one-on-one tutoring sessions to assist me in understanding and mastering the Safe for Team concepts - Help me develop a comprehensive study plan and provide resources for self-study - Offer guidance on best practices and strategies for success in the exam - Provide ongoing support and answer any questions or concerns I may have during the preparation process If you have a strong background in Safe for Team and tutoring experience, please reach out to me. I am eager to start my exam prep journey and would greatly appreciate your a...

...for customizing the store's appearance - Good communication skills to understand my requirements and provide regular updates - Attention to detail and ability to deliver a visually appealing and user-friendly store Scope of Work: 1. Store Setup: - Customizing the store's theme to align with my brand and preferences - Setting up navigation menus, collections, and product categories - Configuring tax rates, shipping options, and payment gateways - Optimizing the store's settings for SEO purposes 2. Product Management: - Uploading and organizing product images, descriptions, and pricing - Setting up product variants, options, and inventory tracking - Ensuring proper product categorization and tagging for easy navigation 3. Design and Customization: - Customizing th...

I am looking for a tax professional to assist me in filing my personal taxes. Also file US taxes. I am a dual citizen and I am claiming Apple stock dividends as well . Here are the details of my project: Filing Status: - I am single, so the ideal tax professional should have experience in filing taxes for individuals with a single filing status. Dependents: - I do not have any dependents, so the tax professional should be knowledgeable in handling tax returns without dependents. Special Circumstances or Deductions: - I am not sure if I have any special circumstances or deductions, so the tax professional should be able to analyze my financial situation and determine any potential deductions or special circumstances that may apply to my tax retur...

MoMJ Music Foundation is looking for a freelancer who can provide assistance with B2B and B2C marketing and sponsorship. The specific marketing services needed are email and cold calling marketing. We are preparing for a spring Gospel concert series "Our Best Praise Tour" that will travel across the country from Feb to May and to Sweden in June. Businesses will receive a tax deduction for the sponsorship as we are a 501c3. Advertising will appear on Gospel Drip and Cya on the B-Side Podcasts as well as the tours printed media. There is a 20% commission on all sales and sponsorships you bring in as compensation. - The client does not have an existing customer email list and requires help in building one. - The target audience for these marketing efforts is both businesse...

...Title: Family Trust for Tax Minimization Project Description: I am looking for a skilled professional who can help me establish a family trust for tax minimization purposes. This is my first time creating a trust, so I am seeking someone with experience in this area. Requirements: - Expertise in estate planning and tax minimization strategies - Knowledge of the legal and financial implications of establishing a family trust - Familiarity with the specific regulations and laws related to tax minimization through trusts - Ability to guide me through the process of selecting the most suitable assets for the trust - Understanding of inheritance laws and how they affect trust planning Ideal Skills and Experience: - Previous experience in establishing family tru...

I am looking for an India based CA Accountant with experience in GST returns and tax planning. Preferred Method of Communication: - Phone Type of Service: - Ongoing Additional Accounting Services Required: - Bookkeeping Ideal Skills and Experience: - Certified CA Accountant in India - Proficient in GST returns and tax planning - Experienced in bookkeeping - Strong communication skills for ongoing phone consultations.

Looking for an experienced accountant to assist with financial statement preparation for my business. Specific requirements: - Expertise in corporate tax preparation - Familiarity with monthly accounting services Ideal skills and experience: - Professional accountant with a strong background in financial statement preparation - Extensive knowledge of corporate tax regulations - Proven track record in providing monthly accounting services

I am looking for an experienced Accounting & Finance Expert to assist with budgeting and forecasting tasks for our firm audit. The ideal candidate should have advanced expertise in this fie...forecasting for our firm audit - Analyzing financial data and providing recommendations for improvement - Collaborating with our team to develop accurate financial forecasts - Monitoring and reporting on budget performance Skills and experience required: - Advanced knowledge of accounting principles and practices - Proficiency in financial statement preparation - Strong analytical and problem-solving skills - Experience in tax planning and preparation - Excellent attention to detail and accuracy If you have the required expertise and can complete the project within a week, ...

I am looking for an accountant tax professional who can help me maximize my real estate investment in Canada and maximizing my real estate investment in Europe ( without suffering double taxation) while minimizing tax liabilities. I am open to discussing the best option for my needs. I would like to start with initial consultation for free . I need that individual that the rich use to minimized tax liabilities. I already have investments in Europe and Canada, so I need someone who is experienced in international tax planning and familiar with the tax implications of investing in real estate abroad. Skills and experience required for this job include: - Expertise in real estate tax planning in Canada and internationally - Knowledge of tax...

...services after the business setup. I would prefer monthly financial services to help me manage and keep track of my business finances effectively. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - In-depth knowledge of the legal requirements and processes for setting up a Sole Proprietorship. - Experience in successfully registering businesses as Sole Proprietorships. - Strong understanding of tax planning and financial advice for small businesses. - Proficiency in financial management software and tools. - Excellent communication and interpersonal skills to effectively collaborate and provide ongoing financial support. If you are a reliable and experienced Chartered Accountant with the necessary skills, I would appreciate your assistance in setting up my business and provid...

I am looking for a freelancer who can assist me with annual bank statement reconciliation using QuickBooks. Requirements: - Experience with QuickBooks and bank statement reconciliation - Ability to handle more than 100 transactions per bank statement Optional: - Knowledge of payroll, tax preparation, and financial reporting If you have the necessary skills and experience, please bid on this project.

Easy Accountancy is an Australian-based accounting service dedicated to simplifying financial management. With a focus on user-friendly solutions, we offer a range of services tailored to meet the diverse needs of businesses and individuals. From bookkeeping to tax planning, Easy Accountancy strives to make the complexities of accounting accessible and manageable for their clients, ensuring a smooth financial journey. I need to market and attract more business to our platform to grow this business in the next year www,

...Title: Japan Tax Return Translation Project Description: I am in need of a professional translator who can assist me with translating my income tax return documents from Japanese to English. Requirements: - Expertise in translating tax documents, specifically income tax returns - Proficiency in both Japanese and English - Attention to detail and accuracy in translating financial terms and figures - Familiarity with Japanese tax laws and regulations Certification: - The translation does not need to be certified Turnaround Time: - The desired turnaround time for this project is less than a week. - I will upload the 15 pages of tax documents are we agree on terms. If you have the necessary skills and experience, please submit your proposal al...

I am an expat residing in Belgium and I require assistance with understanding the tax regulations related to the 30% expat tax. I am particularly interested in other aspects of this tax, beyond just the eligibility criteria and calculation. Ideal skills and experience for this job: - Expertise in Belgian tax regulations and specifically the 30% expat tax - Knowledge of the eligibility criteria and calculation of the tax - Familiarity with other aspects of the 30% expat tax - Ability to explain complex tax regulations in a clear and understandable manner - Experience in providing tax advisory services to expats in Belgium

...search of an experienced tax consultant who can provide me with ongoing tax advice and assistance in preparing my annual tax returns. The services I am considering include: Tax Return Preparation: I require professional assistance in the annual preparation of my tax returns, initially focusing on personal tax declarations. A long-term collaboration with a view to future projects is also in the planning. Ongoing Tax Advice: Regular tax consultation is of great importance to me. I aim for continuous guidance to ensure compliance with legal regulations and to optimize my tax situation. Ideal Skills and Experience of the Tax Consultant: In-depth knowledge of German tax laws and regulations Experie...

I have had this site up for four months with no sales. The pricing is very good and free shipping and I am getting visits but no carts, if you notice the problem let me know maybe a nice new store front

I am looking for assistance with Quickbooks online to help with financial reporting and analysis. I have a ro...review weekly trends and start projecting. 2 - 3 sets of books that relate to the same location. Some hipaa compliant data. Would like to work along side each other to minimize wasted time for both parties. In the past I used Peachtree and was fully versed in it. I was lead team manager in formatting reports and combining 15 detailed locations into 3 summaries locations. example 9 individual TAX IDs same type of business rolled in sub groups and a total like a holding company , then 5 others into 1 etc. I like earlier EST hours to collaborate with some one as well, Have collaborated with Freelancers and programmers in the UK and India. the key is knowledge and co wo...

We are seeking the expertise of creating software development scope, flow charts and microsite etc for developing software and mobile application for our consultancy firm, specialising in tax support, registration services, accounting, payroll, and legal case handling etc. The proposed system aims to streamline our processes, improve client interactions, experience and enhance efficiency across various client types.

Upgrade Ontario Drivers License I am looking for a change of class for my Ontario drivers license. I am not sure if I need assistance with the entire process or specific aspects only. I do not require any additional services like exam preparation or vehicle rental for the test. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Knowledge of the Ontario drivers license system and regulations - Experience in assisting with license upgrades and changes of class - Ability to provide guidance and support throughout the process

I own a small accounting firm, and we are looking for a QuickBooks online pro to handle our c...basic bookkeeping principles - Attention to detail and accuracy in data entry - Ability to reconcile accounts and generate financial reports - Strong organizational and time management skills Responsibilities: - Setups by industry - Maintain accurate financial records - Record and categorize expenses and income - Reconcile bank statements - Prepare monthly financial reports - Assist with tax preparation and filing If you are proficient in QuickBooks, please submit your proposal with relevant experience and the basic cost of services. We can negotiate the terms of services for each client. The pilot client is a restaurant that just opened. The attached document provides we wish...

...substantial dataset in the form of books relevant to our domain. Your task will include comprehensive data cleaning and preparation to ensure the data is suitable for training the LLM. Chatbot Development: Develop a responsive and accurate chatbot using the tailored LLM, ensuring it meets our specific requirements for domain-related queries and interactions. Testing and Iteration: Conduct thorough testing of the chatbot, making necessary adjustments based on performance metrics and feedback. Qualifications: Proven experience in LLM development and fine-tuning. Strong understanding of RAG and its applications in chatbot technology. Proficiency in data cleaning and preparation. Excellent problem-solving skills and attention to detail. Ability to work independently and meet ...

...Experience: - Proficiency in SQL and/or NoSQL database systems - Experience in designing and implementing database solutions for inventory management - Knowledge of data storage optimization techniques for small-scale databases - Familiarity with data backup and recovery procedures - Understanding of data security measures for protecting sensitive business information Business logic description: Preparation of Shelves and Racks Labeling of Shelves and Racks: Create unique barcodes for each shelf and rack. This will allow for quick identification of the location of each item. Coding System: Use a clear coding system, for example, the first digits to denote the rack, followed by the shelf. Development of Data Entry Process Inventory Availability Check: Before adding a new item,...

Project Description: Stock Market Data Preparation using Google Finance Website Skills and Experience Required: - Basic Knowledge of stock markets, key words such as NR7 & NR4 etc.. - Proficiency in web scraping and data extraction - Knowledge of Python or other programming languages for data manipulation - Understanding of stock market data and financial concepts Project Overview: I am looking for a freelancer who can assist me in preparing stock market data by extracting historical stock prices from the Google Finance website. The data should cover the last 5 years. Specific Requirements: - Extract historical stock prices from the Google Finance website - Focus on stock prices only, excluding company financials and news articles - The data should cover the last 5 years Del...

I am looking for a QuickBooks Online bookkeeper to assist with Bookkeeping reconciliation, categorization, fixing descrepencies and Financial Statements preparation. Skills and experience required: - Proficiency in QuickBooks Online - Strong knowledge of bookkeeping principles and practices - Attention to detail and accuracy in reconciling accounts - Ability to identify and resolve discrepancies - Should have strong Accounting, Finance, Bookkeeping, QuickBooks, and Excel skills. Responsibilities: - Reconciling bank and credit card statements with QuickBooks Online - Reviewing and correcting any discrepancies or errors - Ensuring all transactions are accurately recorded and categorized - Generating reports to provide an overview of financial status Bookkeeper should be complete b...

...calculate: 1. Performance - What was the percentage change in total assets and Shareholders equity + liabilities from previous quarter? 2. Liquidity – What is the Company’s ability to meet it’s near term obligations? • Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities • Ratio Greater than 1.2 is good 3. Solvency – what is the company’s ability to pay its debts as they mature? • (Income after tax + depreciation) / Total Liabilities • Ratio Greater than 0.20 is good Commonly Used Debt Ratios and Formulas 1. Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Liabilities (Total) / Shareholder Equity (Total) 2. Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities/Total Assets Commonly Used Liquidity Ratios and Formulas 1. Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities 2. ...

... (The results show that variables grounded in trait theory, life cycle, and education are significantly related to retirement planning. Moreover, people who reported greater and more vivid imagery of a positive future retired self had engaged in more retirement preparation, accounting for a significant amount of variance beyond the traditional theories.) cross the studies, individuals using