# Statistics

I need help for just one question ( A birthday attack (Links to an external site.) is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory (Links to an external site.).

Birthday matching is a good model for collisions between items randomly inserted into a hash table.

What is the probability that some birthday is shared by two people in a class of n randomly and independently selected students? To work this out, we’ll assume that the probability that a randomly chosen student has a given birthday is 1/d (of course we still work with 365 day calendars!)

There are d^n sequences of n birthdays, and under our assumptions, these are equally likely.

There are

(d)(d-1)(d-2)...(d-(n-1)) length n sequences of distinct birthdays.

That means the probability that everyone has a different birthday is;

................................................................................do the math and show;

LaTeX: e^{-\frac{\left(n\left(n-1\right)\right)}{2d}}e−(n(n−1))2d

2. Now show that it implies that to use a hash function that maps n items into a hash table of size d, you can expect many collisions if n^2 is more than a small fraction of d.

This is how Birthday attacks work!

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Kĩ năng: Kế hoạch kinh doanh

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( 0 nhận xét ) Dublin, United States

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