Basic attendancecông việc

I'm in need of a skilled freelancer with extensive knowledge in 2D CAD Architectural Drafting. I require comprehensive architectural drawings for my project, specifically foc...freelancer with extensive knowledge in 2D CAD Architectural Drafting. I require comprehensive architectural drawings for my project, specifically focusing on floor plans, building elevations, and a site plan. The drawings must include basic outlines and detailed dimensions. Ideal skills and experience required for this project includes: - Extensive experience in 2D CAD drafting, particularly in producing architectural drawings. - Expertise in creating floor plans, building elevations, and site plans. - Strong attention to detail, able to incorporate basic outlines and detailed dimensions accur...

I'm looking to hire a proficient and experienced PHP developer to assist me in starting up an already developed project. While assistance is not required for specific areas like frontend, backend or database optimization, understanding these areas will be an asset. The main aim of this project is to streamline operations. Main requirements are: - Expertise in PHP - Basic knowledge of frontend, backend, and database optimization - Demonstrated ability to work on established projects - A track record in enhancing and improving operational efficiency. Your task will not be to build from scratch but to properly set up the existing project and help improve its operational effectiveness. I look forward to working with a self-starter who can hit the ground running and function well...

I'm seeking a Azure Microserv...Azure Microservices along with Azure Function App expert for an upcoming project in user management, notably in user authentication and account creation. A deep, comprehensive understanding in these areas is essential. You'll chiefly work on: - User authentication - Account creation - Active user management Ideal candidates will suitably demonstrate proficiency in Python with an emphasis on basic scripting. Knowledge of PostgreSQL is equally crucial. Given that the projected number of system users is less than 1000, your design should be optimized for this scale. Previous experience in similar projects will be an advantage. A prompt delivery within agreed timelines without undue compromise on the quality of the implementation is vit...

I'm looking to hire a proficient and experienced PHP developer to assist me in starting up an already developed project. While assistance is not required for specific areas like frontend, backend or database optimization, understanding these areas will be an asset. The main aim of this project is to streamline operations. Main requirements are: - Expertise in PHP - Basic knowledge of frontend, backend, and database optimization - Demonstrated ability to work on established projects - A track record in enhancing and improving operational efficiency. Your task will not be to build from scratch but to properly set up the existing project and help improve its operational effectiveness. I look forward to working with a self-starter who can hit the ground running and function well...

I'm looking for a skilled VueJS developer to build a front end web application for managing employee data. The app will be clean and minimalist in design, with a user-friendly interface. Key functionalities should include: - Employee registration and profile management: Each employee should have their own profile which they can access and update. - Attendance tracking: The ability to monitor when employees check in/out daily. - Leave management: Facilitate the application, approval, and tracking of leave days. - Employee Directory: A comprehensive list of employees which can be searched and filtered. - User Management: The ability to add, remove, or update user profiles. While not immediately necessary, the application should be designed with the capacity to later incorporat...

I m looking for someone who cn help me to design an architectural college for UG and pg.I have already made some plans but all got rejected by faculty.I want everything from basic to rendered views. Weather consideration: cold And dry DELIVERABLES: Rendered site plan including landscaping 4 rendered elevation 3 rendered section Rendered detailed floor plans with columns, furniture door , window etc. Design concept 10-15 site 3d Lumion rendered views 4-5 rendered interior views Anyone who had already made this type of project can directly send me their existing project I can pay a fair amount for that...

Hi, We need a VPN application with V2Ray protocol. It should support VMESS and VLESS methods. The project can be developed in Swift or Objective-C or Flutter. We don't need any UI design for the Application. Just basic UI to configure the client and connect with iPhone is OK. Thanks & Regards

I'm looking for a skilled web designer to create a website landing page for my company. This page's purpose is to disseminate basic knowledge about our company's unique products or services. Ideal skills: - Experience in creating engaging, visually appealing landing pages - An understanding of information architecture, to ensure information is presented clearly and effectively Tasks: - Design a professional and user-friendly landing page - Highlight an overview of our products/services - Ensure the design aligns with our company's aesthetic and brand image This project requires succinct yet comprehensive detail about our product offerings. Prospective customers should gain a broad understanding of our offerings without delving into product-specific details.

I am looking for an experienced Shopify developer to upgrade my current Shopify Basic store. The project involves adding new features, a website redesign, and performance improvement. Skills anticipated for the job: - Shopify Development: A track record of successful store upgrades or migrations is a must. Kindly include examples of your previous work. - UI/UX Design: Your design skills will be essential to give the website an appealing and user-friendly look. Specific additions to the store: - Social Media Integration: The store must have integral connections to various social media platforms to broaden our reach and make it easy for customers to share our products. - Advanced Search Functionality: Integrate a high-quality search feature to streamline shopping experiences ...

...Skills/Experience (Optional, Nice to Have): Experience with Federal Agencies: Previous UI/UX design experience in support of a federal agency is highly desirable. Familiarity with the unique constraints and requirements of government projects is a plus. Accessibility and Inclusion: Knowledge of WCAG guidelines and best practices for creating accessible and inclusive designs. Front-end Development Skills: Basic to intermediate front-end development skills, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, are a plus. This is especially valuable for creating realistic prototypes and understanding the limitations and possibilities of web development. Analytical Skills: Ability to use analytics tools to inform design decisions and to measure the effectiveness of UI/UX changes. Educational Backgro...

I would like one-off assistance to improve my website listing on Google etc. Note: I do not want to see any analytics, reports etc. I will provide keywords etc. if required - project is to improve site visibility I do not want to sign-up for ongoing SEO support

I'm currently solo building a SaaS project. As I'm coming close to the first version of the app, marketing will very soon, if not already be required. Needless to say that I'm not good at it, I can only do basic technical SEO. The niche is "customer feedback software", there are quite a bit of competitors, all different in their own ways. I'm looking for bids explaning briefly what route they would take to enter the market, be it social medias, ads, seo, etc... Explain what you plan on doing, how (without the details), how long would it take and your budget. None detailed bids will be ignored instantly. Preference for native english speakers.

I need a specialized individual who is proficient in Photoshop, Sketchup, and AutoCAD to create a series of architectural drawings for presentation purposes. Details and Scope: - The project involves creating floor plans, elevations, and 3D renderings. - Unlike a basic outcome, the desire is for an in-depth set featuring annotations, measurements, and material specifications. - While experience in architectural drafting is a must, the project also requires a keen eye for aesthetics to create drawings that are not only accurate but also visually stimulating. Ideal Skills: - Profound ability to conceive and produce complex architectural drawings. - Mastery in Photoshop, Sketchup, and AutoCAD. - Experience in presenting detailed material specifications. - Excellent design aesthetic...

...short video of why you think you would be a good fit for the company (30sec +). Without a short video, you will not be considered. An ideal candidate: - Has experience In customer support, sales, and transportation. - Has excellent communication and grammar skills - Is organized, detailed, and able to prioritize deadlines - Is energetic and has an always can-do attitude - Has excellent attendance (we will part ways as soon as I start hearing issues about power outages and nonworking or slow internet) Job responsibilities include: -Assisting customers in getting estimates -Resolving customer complaints -Responding to customer inquiries by phone/ email/ text -Assisting owner in day-to-day office tasks The position is for a 5-day, 40-hour shift. Time zone - EST NY....

I am in need of a skilled figma designer, particularly experienced in healthcare app interface design. Need to create 55-60 pages to explain application workflow. You will get helped from our analysis team on daily basic to make perfect pages in one go. Interested candidates can share portfolio of your figma design.

I seek an intermediate-level developer skilled in flutter for creating an Android application tailored ti personal finance management. The app will be for Android devices. The main functionality concentrates on basic finance management app. This app will aid in breaking down large projects into manageable tasks, tracking progress, and improving overall team productivity. Experienced professionals who have a solid grasp of flutter and a background in creating personal finance software will be the ideal fit for this project.

I'm looking for an experienced individual who can assist in designing night guards for teeth grinding prevention with the 3shape software. The candidat...typical design should no take more than 15 minutes ( normally 20-25 minutes for the first few tries). You would be getting weekly orders from our laboratories in order to continue in delivering our night guards in a timely manner. The ideal candidate (s) required skills and experience include: - Proficient with 3shape software (and have access to - ) - Basic in dental night guard designs This is a unique opportunity to apply your 3D design skills in a healthcare application, and received regular weekly designs. I'm excited to see what we can create together. Thank you for your consideration.

...model. Integration of Grad-CAM Outputs: I'm looking for effective implementation of Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) to visualize the model's predictions and highlight the important regions in the input chest X-ray images. The freelancer should be able to seamlessly incorporate Grad-CAM outputs into the project for better interpretability. Development of Simple Frontend: A basic frontend interface is required where users can input chest X-ray images. The frontend should facilitate the transmission of these images to the deep learning model, and the model output (classification results) should be displayed back to the user in an intuitive manner. Key Requirements: Proficiency in TensorFlow and Keras, with the ability to update deprecated methods ...

...interfaces. The perfect freelancer for this would be familiar with Java FX and Figma. The focus for this project is to create an easy-to-navigate, simple, yet engaging design. Your tasks would include: - Understanding our basic level design aesthetic and navigation patterns. - Applying them to our desktop and tablet platforms. - Ensuring the UI and UX are optimized for both platforms. Ideal skills and experience: - Strong background in UI/UX design, specifically for desktop and tablet formats. - Proven experience with Java FX and Figma. - Demonstrated ability to create a basic, user-friendly interface. The first design shall include as follows. - Left vertical and tabbed layout e.g. MS Word using 5 segments o Home: some sort of start page, summary of actions, usi...

I'm looking for a highly organized individual who can perform data entry tasks with precision. Your primary assignment will consist of completing 100-500 online forms, which boast simple fields such as name, email, and other basic information. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in data entry - Great attention to detail - Proven accuracy in entering information - Experience with online form filling This role requires expediency without compromising the accuracy of data entry. Please apply if you possess the expertise and skills to perform these tasks efficiently. The emphasis is on showcasing detail-oriented work, with every form correctly and completely filled.

I'...paramount areas: Business and Law. - Target Audience: The level of content should be suited for a secondary school audience. That's an audience that already has a basic understanding of business and law principles. Yet, the content should still be easily comprehensible to them. - Topics: On social awareness, I would like scripts that address issues concerning Education and Law. Feel free to call out any blindspots, cliches or areas of interest that could add depth and nuance to these topics. - Skills and Experience: Ideal candidates would be well-versed in Marathi, with prior scriptwriting experience, preferably in the YouTube domain. A basic understanding of business, law and social awareness topics is crucial. A flair for creating engaging, learner-friend...

I need a sSharepoint expert to help me resolve a 'Page not loading' error on my Sharepoint site. The error is as follows: Sorry, something went wrong One of the properties of the Web Part has a...Specific Tasks: - Investigate and identify the root cause of the 'Page not loading' issue - Develop and implement a solution to fix the error Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in Sharepoint site development and customization - Extensive experience in troubleshooting and resolving Sharepoint errors - Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail Please note that I have already tried basic troubleshooting steps like clearing browser cache and cookies. The successful candidate should be able to quickly diagnose the issue and provide a reliable solution...

Need to do data entry from chatgpt I to excel spreadsheet. Need basic math and English skills

I am developing a question-answer chat bot based on GPT and my own subject-oriented knowledge base. Basic code for a question and answer bot based on LangChain. Text materials are broken into fragments, indexed using embeddings and stored in a vector database. Relevant documents are then retrieved from the database on demand and fed to the input of the GPT model. However, all this works with low accuracy. Right now I'm using a regular retriever that searches for 3 similar fragments in the text, but it performs poorly. The text is in Russian. Looking for someone who can implement a more accurate solution that takes into account context or synonyms. I am not well versed in this area. Ready to discuss details

I am looking for a highly skilled developer, specifically someone who is adept at integrating alternative payment gateways into a website functionality. Here's what I'm aiming for: - «Accept Payments»: I require the basic but crucial ability to accept payments via this alternative gateway. Hence, the right person for this project should be well-versed in the APIs and SDKs related to these platforms, capable of ensuring a seamless payment experience for our users. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in integrating various payment gateways. - Expertise in website development. - In-depth understanding of payment process workflows.

I'm looking for a Video Editor and Graphic Designer who can expertly handle my YouTube videos. ***Video Editing:*** • Managerial skills in basic cuts, transitions, and special effects are pivotal. The ability to create engaging videos that keep my viewers hooked is a major characteristic for ideal candidates. ***Graphic Design:*** • Aesthetically, I'm looking for minimalistic designs that don't overcrowd my content. The ability to create minimalist and visually compelling designs is essential. ***Experience:*** • Proven experience in video editing specifically for YouTube. • Expertise in Adobe Premiere Pro, After Effects, or similar editing software. • Proficiency in creating minimalistic graphic designs. I need your creativity to craft e...

I have a website which allows customers to order food online but need to make an app from it for Android Google Play and Apple IOS No time wasters Serious skilled workers only a meeting call will be absolutely essential to go over the details of the job. Note i have multiple apps needing done but all follow the exact same website structure only the name /address and icon will change basic details

Hello...Developer. I need someone who is willing to work with us longterm. If you have existing projects that would be a plus, but we are willing to give newer developers a shot aswell. the budget is not high so please keep that in mind. the project would be on a retainer (monthly) basis. The app will contain: A dashboard Analytics Qr code reader, geofence and face authentication backend database for attendance, grades etc static and predictive Analytics Ease of use features like drag and drop (an absolute plus if you can code custom interactions) Document maker, template use, save, create, reuse multimedia support. As i already mentioned this is an MVP, so as long as youre willing to proactively learn and come with a decent knowledge base about both front and backend, i might con...

I'm seeking a highly skilled Excel enthusiast who can efficiently utilize its powerful data analysis functions. The focus here is specifically on basic descriptive statistics, not advanced predictive or inferential statistics. The project demands: - Proven expertise in Excel - A sound understanding of statistical analysis - At least intermediate experience in data analysis using Excel - Excellent attention to detail Responsibilities will include running statistical analyses on sets of data, interpreting and presenting results in a clear, comprehensible manner. I look forward to receiving bids from all suitably qualified freelancers. Thank you.

I am seeking a beginner-level C programmer to assist with my project. While I am unable to specify the exact nature of the C programming task, any prospective freelancer should possess a basic understanding of C programming. The ideal candidate: - Will show evidence of past work to showcase their competencies and skills - Has a strong foundational understanding of C programming - Is eager to learn and participate in an adaptive coding environment While this is a beginner-oriented project, it's critical that you bring an eagerness to learn and grow. This opportunity could help shape your burgeoning career in C programming. Looking forward to your application!

I'm looking for expertise in handling intricate back-end tasks. My start up project needs API integrations, payment gateways, and database integrations. Plus, installing key page links and laying down a basic CDP. The graphic designing on fluid Squarespace was easy enough for a sole trader and web novice. The tech back end/connections and flows are beyond my current cognitive bandwidth. Integrations are needed for data synchronization, connecting to third-party services and providing real-time updates. Specifically, my project requires an experienced developer to integrate/automate workflows via Zapier (free version initially), on Squarespace, for a user of Microsoft 365 apps and Dropbox Essentials on a MacBook Pro. Key skills and experience: - Proficiency in API integrat...

...classes and their timings. - Personal Fitness Tracking: Capability for users to monitor and track their fitness progress. - In-app Booking: Users need to be able to book classes and other gym services through the app. - Payment Processing: The app should support seamless in-app payments for bookings. User Authentication: To ensure secure user access, I require two levels of user authentication: - Basic Login: Traditional email and password-based sign-in. - Biometric Login: To provide an additional layer of security, the app should support fingerprint and face recognition. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experienced in iOS and Android app development. - Prior work with gym or fitness-related apps is preferred. - Knowledge of integrating multiple functionalities within a single ap...

...reducing manual setup and configuration time. The script should handle the entire setup process, from initial server preparation to the final game server launch. Script Requirements: — Automated Deployment: Automatically download, install, and configure game server software. — Configuration Management: Scripts should read from config file — Compatibility: Must run on Ubuntu — Security: Incorporate basic security settings to protect the server. — Efficiency: Minimize resource usage during setup to not impact server performance. Skills Required: — Proficiency in Python or Bash scripting under Linux environments. — Understanding of Linux server administration and security practices. — Experience with network configuration and manageme...

...installed a theme and written a few articles. The website also contains an overview of concepts (subjects that are explained and to which I can easily refer from other websites). What I need is to be able to easily add articles myself on a daily basis. I want the theme to be updated if necessary, the right plugins installed and the website optimized for SEO purposes. There will need to be some basic things, like a footer, a GDPR compliant cookie notice, a contact form, etc. The main objective is that I can easily use it myself. When the basis is done, we can discuss a second stage where we develop tools for the website. That will come later. I don’t expect this first stage to be more than 10 hours of work. When you reply, explain how many hours you expect, and what you bas...

We want someone to edit our videos for YT channel, Instagram and FB on a regular basis. The videos will be anywhere between 5 min - 10 min long. The videos will be in Hinglish and hence we would want someone who knows English and Hindi as well. Attaching link to one of our YT videos. - Your Skills * Proficiency in basic video editing techniques. * Ability to create smooth transitions enhancing the cinematic feel. * Delivering on time is crucial

I am seeking a freelancer to create a simplified Python/C++ console application. This application will interact with a Fanuc i0 device through the execution of basic commands and record both success and error messages from each command execution in a txt file format. Necessary skills and experience: - Programming proficiency in Python/C++ - Experience working with Fanuc i0 devices - Understanding of command executions and troubleshooting - Exception handling and logging Key components of the project: - Execution of basic commands on Fanuc i0. - Save both successful and failed command execution messages in a txt file. - The software is for personal use. - The application should be easy to execute and navigate. Please include your experience working with Python/C++ and Fa...

I'm in need of a skilled freelancer who can perform basic/intermediate financial data analysis and efficiently replicate the findings of a particular research paper, which I have chosen. Main responsibilities: - Collect public financial data relevant to the research paper - Analyze the data using Python to precisely mirror the paper's conclusions - Interpret the data analysis results Ideal candidate profile: - Experience in basic/intermediate financial analysis - Proficiency in data collection and analysis using Python - Comprehensive understanding of the specific research paper's methodologies and conclusions would be an added advantage. Replicating this research paper precisely is highly crucial for my project. Therefore, a strong attention to detail...

As a beginner in Excel and VBA Programming, I am actively seeking an experienced and knowledgeable tutor who can guide me on the journey to developing structural analysis software. I am reckoning on an efficient and in-depth learning experience tailored around my unique learning pace and style. Key Objectives: - Understand Basic to Advance VBA coding and its application in Excel - How to implement complex algorithms in VBA - Grasp of data analysis functions and graphical interface capabilities in VBA Ideal Tutor's Profile: - Qualified tutor with solid and demonstrable grasp of VBA and Excel - Proven experience teaching VBA with commendable patience and understanding - Proven experience developing structural analysis software will be a plus - Excellent communicative skills ...

I have a website which allows customers to order food online but need to make an app from it for Android Google Play and Apple IOS No time wasters Serious skilled workers only a meeting call will be absolutely essential to go over the details of the job. Note i have multiple apps needing done but all follow the exact same website structure only the name /address and icon will change basic details

more info will be shared, i need basic game level designer

I'm in need of a knowledgeable Wordpress specialist to build a straightforward, three-page site from a reference website. I want to copy it, do rhe same exactly on wordpress. *Essential Features* - Responsive Design: The web design should be fully responsive and adapt seamlessly to all device screen sizes. If you are detail-oriented and can be quick and respect time agreed on , feel free to bid.

I am looking for skilled professionals who can develop a comprehensive software and app to facilitate property management via social networking. Key features should include: Platform Compatibility: - The software and app should be compatible with multiple platforms including Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, a...management systems. - Skilled in ensuring user-friendly design, seamless and efficient operations. - Proven track record in maintaining confidentiality and privacy of users' data. - Demonstrable ability to closely follow specifications in development processes. - Portfolio presenting similar projects completed. Please include your estimated timeline and cost in the bid. Your bid should also include a basic concept for the software and app to demonstrate understanding o...

I'm in need of a 3D modeler who is capable of creating a low-poly, full-body 3D human model for use in a virtual reality application. Key Specifications: - Level of Detail: The model doesn't require a high amount of detail. Basic low-poly design will suffice. - Movement Rigging: The model must be rigged for full body movement. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Knowledge and proficiency in 3D modeling and CAD software - Previous experience in creating low-poly models - Experience in rigging for movement in 3D models - Proven ability to create lifelike humanoid 3D models. Your end product should feel real and blend seamlessly into a VR environment. Please share your portfolio showcasing relevant work.

...with WordPress. 3. License for plugin for multi vendor marketplace Resources will be made available on awarding the project – SSL certificate Content – Basic content like About us, Terms of Service, etc will be shared Theme – Need one of the best themes available online to be suggested by freelance designer Plug-ins – Invoice generation (Buyers and Sellers), CRM integration, SMS, Email, Whatsapp (OTP verification, promotion, etc) to be suggested by freelance designer for smooth functioning of marketplace APIs – Vendor validation with Aadhar, GSTIN, Bank Account (GSTIN name to match with Bank account). For buyers also looking for basic validation of mobile number and email id Payment gateway – Will be provided mid way through the proje...

I need an expert with experience in Visual Basic or similar tools to consolidate two system reports into one comprehensive report. - Source Reports: The two reports to be used are System Report A and System Report B. - Data Requirements: Financial data from these reports are consolidated and presented a user friendly way including the use of pie charts. - Responsibilities: - Extract the necessary data from system reports. - Deliver a consolidated and readable report using the provided template. Ideal candidates would have solid experience in handling and manipulating large datasets using Visual Basic or similar tools. Proficiency in report preparation and presentation is key to this role. Knowledge of transaction data and how to interpret this data will be advant...

...What i need first is for you to import that API via APIkit into my Anypoint Studio project (which I am sending to you) to be used to modernize the inventory and ordering experience. Please create a RESTful API proxy using that imported API via APIkit to consume the data from the SOAP web service. Task 2: I simply need any basic connectivity to a SaaS application like Salesforce, and lastly the ability to involve any basic social media component as well. These can be very basic and just need to be able to demonstrate what these would look like in the project, so a full written solution is not required there. Please utilize Anypoint exchange for these connectors. Key Deliverables: - Well-versed with API-led connectivity, proficiency in creating, designing, and mana...

I am seeking a qualified freelance writer to compile a research report revolving arou...seeking a qualified freelance writer to compile a research report revolving around people. Your task will be to deliver a well-researched, high-quality report that will cater to the general public. Key Requirements: - Need the autobio, like birth place, birthdate, net worth, education, current affiliation, etc - Research and analyzing skills to explore the topic effectively - Ability to write in basic language to ensure easy understanding - Proven ability in writing reports targeting the general public Your ultimate goal will be to generate an engaging and easy-to-understand report, so that the audience can grasp the concepts without difficulty. The report should be factual, data-driven and ca...

I'm seeking an adept Full Stack web developer to design and develop a website from scratch. The design should articulate a modern yet professional feel with a minimalist aesthetic. The project is very simple, we need a website to manage school attendance The Job Requires: - Fluent understanding of HTML / CSS and JavaScript. - Proficiency in React and NodeJS. Familiarity with Angular is a plus. - Capacity to create a clean, modern, and minimalist design. - Prior experience with similar projects is desirable. Skills & Experience: - Mastery of web programming languages (HTML/CSS and JavaScript). - Extensive experience with React and NodeJS. Knowledge of Angular will be appreciated. - A knack for modern, minimalist, and clean designs. - Strong understanding of responsive de...

I need a compelling educational presentation focusing on basic business strategy. The target audience is beginners with little or no knowledge about the subject. Your job is to create a clear, easy-to-understand content that will introduce them to this topic. The ideal freelancer for this project should: - Be experienced in creating top-notch business presentations. - Possess a keen understanding of business strategy. - Have stellar communication skills in order to break down complex terms into beginner level. - Understand pedagogical methods for effective learning. Your task will include but is not limited to: - Researching on the subject to ensure up-to-date content. - Developing appropriate visuals and graphics. - Structuring the content in a manner that promotes optimal l...

I require a WordPress expert to re-design my ecommerce website, integrating multi-vendor login functionality. Although the specific features for the multi-vendor login component were originally left open, a basic understanding of common features such as order management, vendor profile customization, and product inventory management is essential. In your application, I need detailed project proposals, demonstrating your understanding of the task and how you intend to accomplish it. Your approach to implementing multi-vendor login functionality into the WordPress site should be highlighted. The existing website's page layouts are of high importance and should be retained in the re-design. Show me your experience working on similar projects and your approach to preserving the i...